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Showing posts from August, 2025

KNOW ALL FUNCTIONS OF ATP OTHER THAN THE ENERGY

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  To understand the ATP first we have to know about what is ATP? , what is the structure?, and how the work ? What is ATP ? ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a molecule that serves as the primary energy carrier in all living organisms. It provides the energy needed for nearly all biological processes.   What is ATP ? ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a molecule that serves as the primary energy carrier in all living organisms. It provides the energy needed for nearly all biological processes.   What is the structure of ATP ? ATP consists of: Adenine (a nitrogenous base Ribose (a sugar) Three phosphate groups (the source of energy) Adenine (a nitrogenous base)   Structure of  (Adenosine Triphosphate) How it's work ? 1. Energy Storage:  The bonds between the phosphate groups, especially the last two (called high-energy phosphate bonds), store a significant amount of energy. 2. Energy Release: When a cell needs energy, ATP is broken down into ADP (adenosine dipho...

The Future of Digital Pharmacies: Trends and Technologies Shaping 2025

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DIGITAL PHARMACIES AND THEIR GROWING SIGNIFICANCE 2025  Introduction to pharmacy Pharmacy is one of the oldest branches of healthcare, evolving from ancient herbal remedies to modern digital platforms. It involves the science and practice of preparing, dispensing, and reviewing medications while ensuring safe and effective patient care. With the rapid advancement of technology, pharmacies have transformed significantly over centuries, moving from manual prescriptions to fully automated digital systems. Ancient Period (2500 BCE - 500 BCE): - 1. Indus Valley Civilization (2500 - 1500 BCE) Archaeological evidence from the Indus Valley Civilization suggests the early use of medicinal plants, surgical tools, and basic surgical procedures. Early forms of dentistry, trepanation (drilling holes in the skull), and herbal remedies were practiced, reflecting a deep understanding of human anatomy and medicine. Interestingly, many ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians , Chinese , a...

"AI in Pharma: Smarter Science, Faster Cures"

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  How AI Is Transforming the Pharmaceutical Industry Imagine finding life-saving medicines in a fraction of the time it used to take—thanks to Artificial Intelligence (AI), that future is already here. From speeding up drug discovery to making medicine more personal and precise, AI is changing the way pharmaceutical companies work and how we fight disease.   For example  BenevolentAI used AI to identify potential drugs to treat COVID-19 .  How it is used ?  BenevolentAl is a globally leader in the  development of artificial intelligence for scientific innovation which are found in 2013   It basically work on integrates advanced AI tools with scientific expertise to accelerate the identification of novel drug targets and the development of effective therapies. It is also use  in research and development of a new drugs   1.AI in Drug Discovery: Smarter, Faster, Better Traditional drug development is slow—it can take over 10 years and bi...

Genetically Modified Mosquito Killer

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 1. What Are Genetically Modified Mosquitoes?   Genetically modified mosquitoes (GMMs) are mosquitoes that have been altered in a lab using genetic engineering. Scientists modify their DNA to reduce their ability to spread diseases or reproduce. For example, some are designed to produce sterile offspring, which helps reduce mosquito populations over time. These modified insects are mainly used to fight diseases like dengue, malaria, and Zika  who make GMM ?(genetically modified mosquitoes) Oxitec was founded in 2002 as Oxford Insect Technologies in the United Kingdom by Luke Alphey and David Kelly, working with Oxford University's Isis Innovation technology transfer company. In August 2015, Oxitec was purchased by U.S.-based Intrexon for $160 million, and by US-based Third Security in early 2020. Several scientific organizations and biotech companies have worked on GMMs. One of the most well-known is Oxitec, a UK-based biotech company. That makes genetic modified insect i...